iMadrassa

Formation of Adjectives and Their Opposites

I Formation of adjectives and opposites
1 Formation of adjectives:

We form some adjectives by adding suffixes either to nouns or verbs.

Pay close attention to the following:

 

  • Adjective: Noun + suffix « able /ible »

                           Noun +  « ful /less »

                            Noun + « ic »

                            Noun + “ous

 

  • Adjective: Verb + « able /ible »                                               

                           Verb + « ful »                                          

                           Verb + « ing »

                            Verb + « ive »

Rules to keep in mind:

Many suffixes have a meaning; therefore, you should know them.

 Suffixes  Meanings   Examples

 noun+able/ible”

 Showing qualities

 Fashionable

 verb+ able/ible”

 That can be

 Eatable

 noun+al

 No meaning

 No meaning

 Noun /verb+ful

 Full of  / having the quality of/   with

 Painful

 Noun+less

 without

 Painless 

 Noun + ic

 No meaning

 poetic

 Verb+ ing

 No meaning

 interesting

 Verb + ive

 Having a tendency towards

 quality of

 constructive

 Noun +ous

 having the qualities of  poisonous

 

  • Sentences:

 

  1. Ecology is  the way in which plants, animals, and people are related to each other and to their environment.
  2. Pollution is an ecological problem.
  3. Sue showed great courage throughout her illness. She was a courageous person.
  4. You should take medicines to soothe the pain in your leg.
  5. My leg is very painful. I can’t walk.
  6. The first day at work was painless.
  7. You must not use verbal abuse at school. Abusive language is strictly forbidden.
  8. Countries that are trying to develop their economy are called developing countries.
  9. Products that we can recycle are called recyclable products.​
 Noun / verb  Adjective
 Abuse (n)  Abusive
 Courage (n)  Courageous
 Develop (v)  Developing
 Ecology  (n)  Ecological
 Pain (n)  Painful # painless
 Recycle  (v)  Recyclable
 Verb (n)  Verbal

 

2 Formation of opposites:

To form opposites we can add prefixes,vwhose meaning is negative, to  some words.

 Appear  (v)            #      disappear

Dress  (v)               #      undress

Expensive   (adj)     #      inexpensive

Legal  (adj)             #      illegal

Possible  (adj)        #      impossible

Relevant  (adj)        #      irrelevant

    Rules to keep in mind:

       

  • To form the opposites  of some words starting with “m / p” , we add the prefix ‘im’:

Moral # immoral  

mature  # immature   

material   # immaterial 

Patient # impatient  

perfect   #  imperfect   

partial # impartial

 

  • To form the opposites of some words starting with “l”, we add the prefix “il”:

logical # illogical 

legible # illegible 

literate # illiterate          

                                   

  • To form the opposites of some words starting with “r” we add  the prefix “ir”

Rational   #  irrational 

Responsible  #  Irresponsible 

regular # Irregular

 

  • However, words that start with prefixes “dis”,”in” and “un” have  no specific rules.

Respectful  #  disrespectful  

honest  #   dishonest  

order #  disorder

Cautious  #  incautious 

sensitive  #  insensitive 

justice  #  injustice

Pleasant # unpleasant   

fair # unfair 

equal  #  unequal

To approve of  # disapprove of  

agree with  #  disagree with

 

  • إختبارات
  • 10
  • الأجوبة الصحيحة
  • False
  • الأجوبة الخاطئة
  • False
  • مجموع النقاط
  • False

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