Exam 1
Read the text carefully then do the activities.
French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, located in the Jura region of France. He grew up in the town of Arbois, and his father, Jean-Joseph Pasteur, was a tanner. An average student, Pasteur was skilled at drawing and painting. He earned his bachelor of arts degree (1840) and bachelor of science degree (1842) at the Royal College of Besançon and a doctorate (1847) from the École Normale in Paris.§1
In 1854, Pasteur was appointed professor of chemistry and dean of the science faculty at the University of Lille. There, he worked on finding solutions to the problems with the manufacture of alcoholic drinks. Working with the germ theory, which Pasteur did not invent but further developed through experiments and eventually convinced most of Europe of its truth, he demonstrated that organisms such as bacteria were responsible for souring wine, beer and even milk. He then invented a process where bacteria could be removed by boiling and then cooling liquid. He completed the first test on April 20, 1862. Today the process is known as pasteurization.§2
Pasteur's first vaccine discovery was in 1879, with a disease called chicken cholera. After accidentally exposing chickens to the attenuated form of a culture, he demonstrated that they became resistant to the actual virus. Pasteur went on to extend his germ theory to develop causes and vaccinations for diseases such as anthrax, cholera, TB and smallpox.§3
In 1873, Pasteur was elected as an associate member of the Académie de Médecine. In 1882, the year of his acceptance into the Académie Française, he decided to focus his efforts on the problem of rabies. On July 6, 1885, Pasteur vaccinated Joseph Meister, a 9-year-old boy who had been bitten by a rabid dog. The success of Pasteur's vaccine brought him immediate fame. This began an international fundraising campaign to build the Pasteur Institute in Paris, which was inaugurated on November 14, 1888.§4
http://www.biography.com/
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1. Choose the correct answer:
The text is from : ****
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2. Say if the statements are true or false. (2 pts)
a. Pasteur ‘s father was a scientist. ****
b. Pasteur invented the germ theory.****
c. He invented the process of boiling and cooling liquid foods. ****
d. Louis Pasteur can be considered the father of vaccination. ****
3. Answer the questions according to the text: (3 points)
1. What kind of student was Louis Pasteur?
2. Which job positions did he occupy?
3. Enumerate at least three of his main scientific achievements.
1. He was an average student.
2. He was a professor of chemistry and Dean of the Science Faculty at the University of Lille.
3. His main contributions to science:
a. Pasteurization
b. vaccine against chicken cholera
c. vaccines against cholera,anthrax,TB, small pox and rabies
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4. In which paragraph is it mentioned that Louis Pasteur discovered the vaccine against rabies? (1.5pt)
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5. Who or what do the underlined words in the text refer to? (1 pt)
§1: he =
§2: they=
Choisir la réponse correcte de la liste
1.Choose the right interpretation for each underlined word: (1pt)
A . Pasteur was skilled at drawing and painting : ****
B. Bacteria were responsible for souring milk : ****
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2. Provide either the noun or the adjective. An example has been given. (1pt)
Noun | Adjective | Verb | |
---|---|---|---|
Example Attraction | Attractive | To attract | |
To poison | |||
Constructive | |||
3. Complete sentence (b) so that it means the same as sentence (a). ( 2pts)
1. a. ” Who discovered the vaccine against rabies?” he asked.
b. He wanted to know…………………………………………………….
2. a.The discovery of the vaccine against rabies was revolutionary. As a consequence, A lot of people financed the building of Pasteur institutes in many countries.
b. The discovery of the vaccine against rabies was so revolutionary………………………………………………………….
1 . a. ” Who discovered the vaccine against rabies?” he asked.
b. He wanted to know who had discovered the vaccine against rabies.
2. a. The discovery of the vaccine against rabies was revolutionary. As a consequence, A lot of people financed the building of Pasteur institutes in many countries.
b. The discovery of the vaccine against rabies was so revolutionary that a lot of people financed the building of Pasteur institutes in many countries.
.
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4. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets. ( 1.5 pts)
1. By 2020, scientists (to discover) a vaccine against AIDS.
2. If you don’t pasteurize milk, it (to turn) sour.
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5. Classify the words according to the pronunciation of their final “s”. (1.5pts)
brushes - obeys - treats - troughs - knobs - badges
/s/ | /z/ | /iz/ | |
---|---|---|---|
Part Two: Written Expression (05 points)
write a composition of about 80 words.
Use the following notes to write a composition about why Pasteur Institutes have been built all over the world.
- Louis Pasteur saved the lives of 50 dogs
- tried the vaccine against rabies on a human being
- Joseph Meister aged 9
- July 1885
- bitten by a rabid dog
- a second person living in the Jura
- Jean Baptiste Jupille bitten by a rabid dog
- protecting young shepherds from the dog’s bites
- Pasteur saved the lives of Joseph and Jean Baptiste
- hundreds of people came to see him even from Russia and other countries
- donated money to build the first Pasteur Institute
.
CONTENT : 2.5 PTS
FORM: 2.5 PTS
After saving the lives of 50 dogs thanks to the first vaccine against rabies, Louis Pasteur was obliged to try it on a human being called Joseph Meister in July 1885.A rabid dog bit the young Joseph who was aged 9 years old. Then, it was the turn of Jean Baptiste Jupille who saved young shepherds from a rabid dog that contaminated him. Pasteur was able to save both lives. This achievement made him very famous .Hundreds of people came to see him for the new vaccine. Donations were sent from all over the world to build the first Pasteur institute.
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