Reporting Verbs
Direct speech is reported by specific verbs. There are verbs we use to report declarative and negative sentences. Other verbs are used to report interrogative sentences , and some others to report advice, orders,warnings and suggestions.
We use the verbs ‘to say ” and to” tell” to report declarative and negative sentences.
:Examples
1. "I don’t understand," he says.
- He says that he doesn’t understand.
- He tells me that he doesn’t understand.
2. "She is always absent," he told us.
- He told us that she was absent.
- He said that she was absent.
a) To say: express an idea, feeling, thought etc using words.
This how it is used to report a statement:
Subject +say +that + subject+verbal phrase + complement.
Example :
Bob said that he would be late.
b) To tell: if someone tells you something, they communicate information, a story, their feelings etc to you.
This how it is used to report a statement:
Subject +tell+ object complement pronoun +that+ subject+ verbal phrase+ complement.
Example:
They told me that they could change the air tickets.
To report questions, we use "ask" and "want to know that", and sometimes "wonder" if we ask the question to ourselves.
1. "Do you speak Chinese? " she asked me.
- She asked me if i spoke chinese.
- She wanted to know if I spoke Chinese.
2. "Where have you stayed? " he asked us.
- He asked us where we had stayed.
- He wanted to know where we stayed.
3. ”Am I going to find a better job? ” I wondered.
- I wondered if I was going to find a better job.
a) To ask: to speak or write to someone in order to get an answer, information, or a solution.
To "ask "can be replaced with to "want to know " when reporting a question.
Be careful about how to use them:
Subjec t+ ask+object complement pronoun + reported question.
Subject +want to know + reported question.
Examples:
1.She asked me where I lived.
2.She wanted to know where I lived.
b) To wonder: to ask oneself a question.
Example:
She wondered who knocked at her door.
We use two verbs to report orders : to "tell" and to "order".
1. "Keep silent !" the teacher ordered the students.
- The teacher ordered the students to keep silent.
- The teacher told the students to keep silent.
To order: to tell someone that they must do something, especially using your official power or authority.
a. The court ordered his release from prison.
b. "Stay right there," she ordered.
c. She told me to stay there.
- To order somebody to do something.
- To tell somebody to do something.
To “tell” has two functions: We can use it to report statements and orders as well.
We use the verb to “ ask “ to report requests.
"Could you please open the door?” she asked me.
- She asked me to open the door.
"Can you explain to me the lesson?" He asked me.
- He asked me to explain the lesson.
To “ask” is used to report questions and requests
We use the verb to "advise".
"You should go and see a doctor" she advised me.
- She advised me to go and see a doctor
"If I were you,I wouldn’t worry," he advised her.
- He advised her not to worry.
To advise: to tell someone what you think they should do, especially when you know more than they do about something.
The structure : to advise somebody to do something.
We use the verb “to warn”
Example:
"Don’t do it again," I warned him.
- I warned him not to do it again.
'Be careful, the rocks are slippery,' Alex warned.
→ Alex warned me to be careful about the slippery rocks.
→Alex warned me about the slippery rocks.
To warn: to tell someone that something bad or dangerous may happen, so that they can avoid it or prevent it.
- The structure :
To warn somebody to do something.
To warn somebody about something.
We use the verb " to suggest ".
Example:
“We could stay at the hotel,” he suggested.
- He suggested that we should stay at the hotel .
- He suggested staying at the hotel
To suggest : to tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go etc [↪ propose]:
- The structure :
To suggest that + subject + should+ infinitive + complement.
To suggest doing
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- مجموع النقاط
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